Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a major global health issue. As per WHO reports, there are 10 million cases of TB, causing 1.5 million deaths per year worldwide, making TB the foremost cause of death due to infection. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as atypical or environmental mycobacteria, are not included in MTBC. NTM consists of about 170 species of mycobacteria. However, in humans pulmonary diseases are most commonly caused by M. avium complex (MAC), M. kansasii, and M. abscessus.
In humans pulmonary diseases are most commonly caused by M. avium complex (MAC), M. kansasii, and M. abscessus. In addition to the lungs, NTM infections affect lymphatic, skin, and soft tissues. Several studies have reported increased occurrence of NTM in TB?suspected respiratory specimens, making differential diagnosis of MTB and NTM crucial for infection control and the selection of accurate anti?mycobacterial therapy. The conventional methods used for TB diagnosis are time consuming, have low sensitivity, and cannot distinguish MTB from NTM. Probe based real time assays can discriminate MTB from NTM accurately in a shorter span of time and have been used widely.