Biuret Reagent

In Biuret reaction peptides containing three or more amino acid residues form a colored chelate complex with cupric ions (Cu2+) in an alkaline environment containing sodium potassium tartrate. This became known as the biuret reaction because it is chemically similar a complex that forms with the organic compound biuret (NH2-CO-NH-CO-NH2) and the cupric ion. Biuret, a product of excess urea and heat, reacts with copper to form a light blue tetradentate complex. Single amino acids and dipeptides do not give the biuret reaction, but tripeptides and larger polypeptides or proteins will react to produce the light blue to violet complex that absorbs light at 540 nm. One cupric ion forms a colored coordination complex with four to six nearby peptide bonds. The intensity of the color produced is proportional to the number of peptide bonds participating in the reaction. Thus, the biuret reaction is the basis for a simple and rapid colorimetric reagent of the same name for quantitatively determining total protein concentration. Biuret Reagent identifies the presence of proteins by forming a purple complex with peptide bonds in an alkaline environment. It is used for protein estimation and clinical biochemistry molecular screening of high concentration samples like serum or plasma.