| Appearance (USP) |
White granules, powder, or crystalline masses |
| Appearance (EP, BP) |
White or almost white, crystalline powder |
| Appearance (JP) |
White, granules, powder, or crystalline masses |
| Appearance (IP) |
A white crystalline powder |
| Solubility (USP) |
Very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol; and practically insoluble in ethyl ether. |
| Solubility (EP, BP) |
Very soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol (96%) |
| Solubility (JP) |
Very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol (95%), and practically insoluble in diethyl ether |
| Solubility (IP) |
Very soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol (95%), and practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether |
| pH (USP) |
3.50-7.00 (10% w/w solution in carbon dioxide free water) |
| Clarity and colour of solution (USP) |
10% solution in carbon dioxide-free water is clear and colourless |
| Clarity and colour of solution (JP) |
25% solution in warm water is Clear and colourless |
| Acidity or alkalinity (JP) |
25% solution in warm water is neutral |
| Acidity or alkalinity 1 (IP) |
<= 0.2 mL of 0.01M sodium hydroxide is required to change the colour of the solution to pink |
| Acidity or alkalinity 2 (IP) |
<= 0.3 mL of 0.01M hydrochloric acid is required to change the colour of the solution to red |
| Appearance of solution (EP, BP, IP) |
10% solution in water is clear and colourless |
| Identification A (USP) |
A deep pink or wine-red color appears |
| Identification A (EP, BP) |
The principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in retention time and size to the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) |
| Identification A (IP) |
The principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds to the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) |
| Identification 1 (JP) |
A blue-green color develops, but no turbidity is produced |
| Identification B (USP) |
The retention time of the major peak of the sample solution corresponds to that from the standard solution, as obtained in the assay |
| Identification B (EP, BP) |
The precipitate, recrystallized from a small volume of ethanol (96%)R and dried in vacuo, melts at 98°C to 104°C |
| Identification B (IP) |
A pink colour is produced |
| Identification 2 (JP) |
A reddish purple to red-purple color immediately develops |
| Identification Test C : TLC (EP, BP) |
The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in positon, colour and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) |
| Identification C (IP) |
The residue, after washing rapidly with 5 mL of mixture of equal volumes of methanol and water and drying in a current of air, melts at about 175° |
| Identification 3 : (JP) |
The precipitate, recrystallized from a small volume of ethanol (96%)R and dried in vacuo, melts at 97°C to 101°C |
| Identification D: (EP, BP) |
+4.00° to +7.00° (c = 5gm substance and 6.4 gm of disodium tetraborate in 40 mL of water R. Allow to stand for 1 h and dilute to 50 mL with water R, at 20 ± 0.5°C, anhydrous basis) |
| Specific rotation (EP, BP) |
+4.00° to +7.00° (c = 5gm substance and 6.4 gm of disodium tetraborate in 40 mL of water R. Allow to stand for 1 h and dilute to 50 mL with water R, at 20 ± 0.5°C, anhydrous basis) |
| Specific rotation (IP) |
+4.00° to +7.00° (c = 5gm substance and 6.4 gm of borax in 40 mL of water, allow to stand for 1 h, shaking dilute to 50 mL with water and filter if necessary |
| Limit of Nickel (USP) |
<= 0.0001% |
| Nickel (IP) |
<= 0.0001% |
| Nickel (JP) |
No red color develops |
| Chloride (USP, JP, IP) |
<= 0.0050% |
| Sulfate (JP) |
<= 0.006% |
| Sulfate (USP) |
<= 0.01% |
| Sulfate (IP) |
<= 0.0125% |
| Heavy metals (JP) |
<= 0.0005% |
| Heavy metals (IP) |
<= 0.001% |
| Residue on ignition (USP) |
<= 0.10% |
| Residue on ignition (JP) |
<= 0.02% |
| Arsenic (JP) |
<= 0.00013% |
| Arsenic (IP) |
<= 0.0002% |
| Water (USP, EP, BP, IP) |
<= 1.50% |
| Conductivity (EP, BP) |
<= 20 µs.cm-1 |
| Reducing sugars (USP) |
<= 0.3% |
| Reducing sugars (EP, BP, IP) |
NLT 12.8 mL of 0.05M sodium thiosulfate is required |
| Glucose (JP) |
NMT 6.3 mL of volume for titration consumed |
| Sugars (JP) |
Complies |
| Sulphated ash (IP) |
<= 0.10% |
| Loss on drying (JP) |
<= 2.00% (0.5g in vacuum, phosphorus (V)oxide, 80°C, 3 hr) |
| Related substances, system suitability, HPLC : Resolution : (EP, BP, IP) |
min. 2.00 between the peaks due to impurity A and sorbitol |
| Related substances, any impurity, HPLC : (EP, BP, IP) |
<= 2.00% |
| Related substances, total impurity, HPLC : (EP, BP, IP) |
<= 3.00% |
| System suitability, assay, HPLC : Resolution : (USP) |
>= 2.0 between sorbitol and mannitol |
| System suitability, assay, HPLC : RSD : (USP) |
<= 2.00% |
| Assay (HPLC, on anhydrous basis) : (USP) |
91.00 - 100.50% |
| Assay (HPLC, on anhydrous basis) : (EP, BP) |
97.00 - 102.00% |
| Assay (HPLC, on anhydrous basis) : (IP) |
98.00 - 101.00% |
| Assay (Iodometry, dried sample) : (JP) |
>= 97.00% |
| Microbial contamination (TAMC) : (USP, EP, BP) |
<= 1000 cfu/g |
| Microbial contamination (TYMC) : (USP, EP, BP) |
<= 100 cfu/g |
| Microbial contamination (Pathogen, E.Coli, Salmonella) : (EP, BP) |
Absent |
| Bacterial endotoxins, <100 g/L sorbitol : (USP, EP, BP) |
NMT 4 IU/g |
| Bacterial endotoxins, 100 g/L or more of sorbitol : (USP, EP, BP) |
NMT 2.5 IU/g |
| Bacterial endotoxins, <10% w/v of sorbitol : (IP) |
NMT 4 EU/g |
| Bacterial endotoxins, 10% W/V or more of sorbitol : (IP) |
NMT 2.5 EU/g |