Freely but slowly soluble in water; practically insoluble in alcohol
Solubility (EP, BP)
Freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol 96.0%
Solubility (JP)
It is freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol 99.5%
Solubility (IP)
Freely but slowly soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol 95.0%
Identification A : FTIR (USP, EP, BP, IP)
Matches with the standard pattern
Identification: absorption (JP)
Both spectra exhibit similar intensities of absorption at the same wave numbers
Identification B : TLC (USP)
The principal spot from the sample solution corresponds in appearance and Rf value to that from standard solution A.
Identification B : TLC (EP, BP)
The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution is similar in position, colour and size to the principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a)
Identification B (IP)
A red precipitate is formed
Identification C (EP, BP, IP)
A red colour develops
Identification D: water (EP, BP)
4.5-5.5%
Acidity or alkalinity (USP)
<= 0.4 mL of 0.1N sodium hydroxide VS is required to produce a pink or red colour
Acidity or alkalinity (EP, BP)
<= 0.4 mL of 0.1M sodium hydroxide is required to change the colour of the indicator to pink or red
Acidity or alkalinity (IP)
<= 0.4 mL of 0.1M sodium hydroxide is required to change the colour of the solution to pink
Acidity or alkalinity (JP)
<= 0.4 mL of 0.1M/L sodium hydroxide VS is required to produce a pale red colour or red colour
Appearance of solution (EP, BP)
10% solution in boiling water is clear and not more intensely coloured than reference solution BY7
Appearance of solution (IP)
10% solution in hot water is clear and not more intensely coloured than reference solution BYS7
Clarity and colour of solution 1 : (USP, JP)
10% solution in boiling water is clear and colourless or nearly colourless
Clarity and colour of solution 2 : UV Absorbance : (USP, JP)
<= 0.04 (at 400 nm)
Specific rotation (USP, EP, BP, JP)
+54.4° to +55.9° (c = 10% in water/NH3 at 20 ±0.5°C, anhydrous basis)
Specific rotation (IP)
+54.4° to +55.9° (c = 10% in water/NH3 at 25°C)
Sulfated ash (EP, BP, IP)
<= 0.10%
Residue on ignition (USP, JP)
<= 0.10%
Arsenic (IP)
<= 0.0001%
Heavy metals (JP, IP)
<= 0.0005%
Loss on drying (USP, JP)
<= 1.00% (at 80°C, 2 hr)
Water (USP, EP, BP, JP, IP)
4.50 - 5.50%
Protein and light-absorbing impurities 1: Absorbance (USP, EP, BP, JP)
<= 0.25 (at 210 to 220nm)
Protein and light-absorbing impurities 2: Absorbance (USP, EP, BP, JP)
<= 0.07 (at 270 to 300nm)
Protein and light-absorbing impurities 3: Absorbance (EP, BP)
<= 0.04 (at 400nm)
Light absorption 1 (IP)
<= 0.25 (at 210 to 220nm)
Light absorption 2 (IP)
<= 0.07 (at 270 to 300nm)
Microbial load : TAMC (USP, EP, BP, JP, IP)
<= 100 CFU/g
Microbial load : TYMC (USP, JP)
<= 50 CFU/g
Storage and Shelf Life
Storage conditions
Store below 30°C away from bright light.
Shelf life
48 months.
Use before expiry date
Use before expiry date given on the product label.