White or almost white crystalline powder or colourless crystals
Appearance (JP)
White crystals or crystalline powder
Solubility (USP)
Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether
Solubility (EP, BP)
Freely soluble in water and in ethanol (96%); practically insoluble in methylene chloride
Solubility (JP)
It is freely soluble in water and in ethanol (99.5%). It dissolves in sodium hydroxide solution
Identification: FTIR (JP)
Matches with the standard pattern
Identification A : FTIR (USP)
Matches with the standard pattern
Identification C : FTIR (EP, BP)
Matches with the standard pattern
Specific rotation (USP, EP, BP, JP)
+21.0° to +27.0° (mix 1.25 gm with 1 mL of 10 g/L sodium edetate R. Add 7.5 mL of a 40 g/L solution of sodium hydroxide R, mix and dissolve. Dilute to 25.0 mL with phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0 R2
Identification D : HPLC (EP, BP)
The principal spot in the chromatogram obtained with test solution (b) is similar in retention time and size to the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b)
Identification E (EP, BP)
An dark violet colour develops
pH (1% in water at 25°C) (USP, EP, BP)
2.00-2.80
Appearance of the solution (EP, BP)
5% solution in water is clear and colourless
Melting range (EP, BP)
104 - 110°C
Melting range (JP)
107-111°C
Heavy metals (USP, EP, JP)
<= 0.001%
Zinc (EP, BP)
<= 0.001%
Ammonium (JP)
<= 0.02%
Chloride (JP)
<= 0.040%
Iron (JP)
<= 0.001%
Sulphate (JP)
<= 0.030%
Loss on drying (JP)
<= 0.50% (at 80°C, 3 hr)
Loss on drying (USP)
<= 1.0% (about 50mm of mercury at 70°C, 4 hr)
Loss on drying (EP, BP)
<= 1.0% (over P2O5, 1.5 kPa to 2.5 kPa at 70°C, 3 hr)
Residue on ignition (JP)
<= 0.30%
Residue on ignition (USP)
<= 0.50%
Sulfated ash (EP, BP)
<= 0.20%
Related substances : system suitability: RSD : HPLC (JP)
<= 2.0%
Related substances : any other impurities : HPLC (JP)
<= 0.3%
Related substances : Total impurities : HPLC (JP)
<= 0.6%
Related substance : system suitability : resolution 1: HPLC (EP, BP)
>= 1.5 between the peaks due to impurities A and B
Related substance : system suitability : resolution 2: HPLC (EP, BP)
>= 2.0 between the peaks due to impurities C and D
Related substances : impurities A, B, C,D : for each impurity: HPLC (EP, BP)
<= 0.50%
Related substance : any other impurity : for each impurity : HPLC (EP,BP)
<= 0.50%
Related substance: Total impurities: HPLC (EP, BP)